{"id":5132,"date":"2025-08-12T18:46:21","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T16:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wellnessforum.pro\/?p=5132"},"modified":"2025-08-22T18:58:34","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T16:58:34","slug":"exosomes-and-stromal-cells-what-are-they-how-to-choose-them-and-use-them-in-aesthetic-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wellnessforum.pro\/en\/exosomas-y-celulas-estaminales-que-son-a-que-sirven-como-elegirlos-y-usarlos-en-medicina-estetica\/","title":{"rendered":"Exosomes and stem cells: what they are, what they are for, how to choose and use them in aesthetic medicine"},"content":{"rendered":"

The exosomes<\/strong> used in aesthetic medicine are nanometric extracellular vesicles (30 to 150 nm) that are used in the derived from stem cells<\/strong>normally mesenchymal<\/strong> (such as from adipose tissue, umbilical cord or bone marrow). Their exact composition and origin depends on the manufacturer, but in general terms, they are made of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Lipids<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • They form the outer membrane<\/strong> of the exosome, a lipid bilayer similar to that of cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • They protect the inner contents and allow fusion with other cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    2. Proteins<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • They include:\n
        \n
      • Surface markers<\/strong> such as CD9, CD63 and CD81.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Growth factors<\/strong> (TGF-\u03b2, IGF, EGF, FGF).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Cytokines and chemokines<\/strong> that modulate inflammation and regeneration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Nucleic acids<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Small fragments of Messenger RNA (mRNA)<\/strong> y microRNA (miRNA)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • They are involved in the genetic regulation of host cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          4. Bioactive molecules<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Enzymes, metabolites and other regenerative substances that help stimulate processes such as collagen formation, angiogenesis, cell repair, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Where are commercial exosomes obtained from?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Culturing human mesenchymal stem cells<\/strong> in the laboratory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • The following is collected conditioned environment<\/strong>which contains the exosomes secreted by these cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • They are then isolated and purified by methods such as ultracentrifugation or filtration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Key issues to consider:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • They do not contain living cells<\/strong>only the vesicles and their bioactive content.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • The efficacy and safety<\/strong> depend on the type of stem cells of origin, the isolation process, the purity of the product and its clinical use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Some products sold as 'exosomes' may contain mixtures<\/strong> of extracellular vesicles or other components, not always well defined or regulated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EXOSOMES AND STEM CELLS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • Exosomes<\/strong>They are like \"molecular messengers\" sent by stem cells. They do not regenerate tissue on their own, but stimulate other cells to do so.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Stem cells<\/strong>They are \"specialised workers\" who can build new cell structures as well as send signals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  The difference between exosomes<\/strong> y stem cells (or \"staminal\" cells, from Italian)<\/strong> is highly significant<\/strong>The structure, function and therapeutic application:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  BIOLOGICAL NATURE<\/th>Exosomes<\/strong><\/th>Stem cells<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                  Type<\/strong><\/td>Extracellular vesicles (without nucleus and complete DNA)<\/td>Whole living cells<\/td><\/tr>
                  Origin<\/strong><\/td>Secreted by cells (including stem cells)<\/td>Primary cells with capacity for self-renewal and differentiation<\/td><\/tr>
                  Size<\/strong><\/td>30-150 nanometres<\/td>10-30 micrometers<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                  CONTENTS<\/th>Exosomes<\/strong><\/th>Stem cells<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                  Contain<\/strong><\/td>Lipids, proteins, RNA (miRNA, mRNA), growth factors<\/td>Nucleus, complete DNA, cell organelles<\/td><\/tr>
                  Genetic capacity<\/strong><\/td>Cannot be replicated or differentiated<\/td>They can replicate and differentiate into other cell types.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                  THERAPEUTIC FUNCTION<\/th>Exosomes<\/strong><\/th>Stem cells<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                  Action<\/strong><\/td>intercellular communication: modulate processes such as inflammation, regeneration, pigmentation, ageing<\/td>Direct tissue regeneration via cell differentiation and also via paracrine (secrete exosomes and other factors).<\/td><\/tr>
                  Aesthetic use<\/strong><\/td>Stimulate collagen production, reduce inflammation, improve skin texture and pigmentation.<\/td>Deeper repair: can regenerate tissues, but require more control and regulation<\/td><\/tr>
                  Immunogenicity<\/strong><\/td>Low or non-existent (not living cells)<\/td>There may be immunological risk if they are not autologous (from the same patient).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                  SAFETY AND REGULATION<\/th>Exosomes<\/strong><\/th>Stem cells<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                  Tumour risk<\/strong><\/td>Null<\/td>Potential if used incorrectly<\/td><\/tr>
                  Regulation<\/strong><\/td>In many countries, such as Spain, they are not yet clearly regulated (legal grey zone).<\/td>They are heavily regulated by health authorities (FDA, EMA, AEMPS, etc.).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                  \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                  The origin of exosomes and stem cells<\/strong> can be human or animal<\/strong>but for applications medical and aesthetic in humans<\/strong>The prefers<\/strong> (and in many countries it is requires<\/strong>) that are of human origin<\/strong>. I will explain in detail:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  STEM CELLS - Possible origin<\/strong><\/strong><\/th>Description<\/strong><\/th>Use in aesthetic medicine<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                  Human (autologous)<\/strong><\/td>Taken from the patient's own body (fat, bone marrow, blood)<\/td>Very safe; no risk of rejection. Applications in tissue regeneration, facial, capillary.<\/td><\/tr>
                  Human (allogeneic)<\/strong><\/td>From human donors (umbilical cord, placenta, bone marrow)<\/td>Widely used in advanced cosmetics and regenerative medicine. They need good purification and certification.<\/td><\/tr>
                  Animal (xenogenic)<\/strong><\/td>Derived from animal species (rare in whole stem cells)<\/td>Uncommon in aesthetics due to immunological and ethical risks. More common in basic research.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                  EXOSOMAS - Possible origin<\/strong><\/strong><\/th>Description<\/strong><\/th>Use in aesthetic medicine<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                  Human (frequent)<\/strong><\/td>Secreted by human stem cells in the laboratory (especially from umbilical cord or adipose tissue)<\/td>Most commonly used in commercial aesthetic products. Must be well purified and free of residual DNA.<\/td><\/tr>
                  Animal (less common)<\/strong><\/td>Secreted by animal cells (e.g. foetal bovine serum)<\/td>Sometimes used in topical cosmetics (non-injectable). Not recommended for clinical use in humans.<\/td><\/tr>
                  Synthetics or hybrids<\/strong><\/td>Mimic natural exosomes (lipid nanoparticles)<\/td>Developing. Not yet a major commercial presence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                  Beware of mislabelled products<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                  Some cosmetic products that claim to contain \"exosomes\" actually contain cell lysate<\/strong>, bovine serum<\/strong> o cell fragments<\/strong>not actual purified exosomes. It is important that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • The product indicates the cellular origin<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Be certified with valid insulation methods.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Do not contain DNA<\/strong>live cells and infectious agents.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Have record or documentation to support it as a cosmetic or medical use<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    RESUMING<\/th>Stem cells<\/strong><\/th>Exosomes<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                    Human origin<\/td>The most common and recommended<\/td>The most common and recommended<\/td><\/tr>
                    Animal origin<\/td>Little used in humans; more common in research<\/td>Can be found in non-injectable topical cosmetics<\/td><\/tr>
                    Aesthetic preference<\/td>Human (autologous or allogeneic)<\/td>Human (allogeneic, usually)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                    In order for the exosomes<\/strong> be effective in aesthetic treatments<\/strong>must achieve the dermis<\/strong>which is where the fibroblasts responsible for the production of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid<\/strong>. The simple surface application is not enough<\/strong> in most cases if a deep regenerative effect is sought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    How deep should they go?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • Therapeutic objective<\/strong>: to reach the reticular or papillary dermis<\/strong> (between 1 and 2 mm deep<\/strong>), where fibroblasts and vascular structures are found.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • If the exosomes remain in the epidermis<\/strong> (outermost layer, <0.2 mm), their absorption is minimal and limited to a mild cosmetic effect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      How are exosomes applied in aesthetics?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                      1. Microneedling (Dermapen or roller)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • Most common and effective technique.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Microchannels are created in the skin (0.5-2 mm deep) and then the exosomes are applied topically.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Promotes its penetration into the dermis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Ideal for: facial rejuvenation, spots, pores, texture, alopecia.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        2. Mesotherapy (intradermal injection)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • The exosomes are injected directly into the dermis by means of microinjections (nappage or point-to-point technique).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • A very fine needle (32G or similar) is used.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Advantage: direct and localised delivery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Ideal for: fine wrinkles, firmness, eye contour, neck, scars.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          3. Electroporation or mesopores<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • A device that applies a low-intensity electrical current to temporarily open cell channels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • Improves penetration without the need for needles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • Moderate efficacy, shallower than injection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • Ideal for needle-averse patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            4. Fractional laser + topical application<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            • The laser creates micro-injuries that increase transepidermal absorption.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • Exosomes are then applied to enhance regeneration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • Very common in advanced clinics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              5. Topical use (without devices)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              • Creams, serums or masks with exosomes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • Its action is limited<\/strong> if not accompanied by penetration techniques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • Useful as maintenance after deeper treatments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                Read before use<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                • Injectable exosomes<\/strong>must be formulated and certified to intradermal medical use<\/strong>. Not all products for \"cosmetic use\" are authorised for injection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • Sterility and conservation<\/strong>Exosomes are sensitive to heat and light. They are usually kept cold and must be applied under strict aseptic conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • Recommended frequency<\/strong>3 to 5 sessions at intervals of 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the protocol and indication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                  Method<\/strong><\/th>Depth<\/strong><\/th>Effectiveness<\/strong><\/th>Common indications<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                  Microneedling<\/td>0,5-2 mm<\/td>High<\/td>Rejuvenation, alopecia<\/td><\/tr>
                                  Mesotherapy<\/td>1-2 mm<\/td>Very high<\/td>Wrinkles, firmness, spots<\/td><\/tr>
                                  Electroporation<\/td>0,5-1 mm<\/td>Media<\/td>Gentle firming<\/td><\/tr>
                                  Topical (without apparatus)<\/td>Epidermis<\/td>Baja<\/td>Post-treatment maintenance<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Los exosomas que se utilizan en medicina est\u00e9tica son ves\u00edculas extracelulares nanom\u00e9tricas (de 30 a 150 nm) que se derivan de c\u00e9lulas madre, normalmente mesenquimales (como las de tejido adiposo, cord\u00f3n umbilical o m\u00e9dula \u00f3sea). Su composici\u00f3n y origen exactos dependen del fabricante, pero en t\u00e9rminos generales, est\u00e1n hechos de: 1. L\u00edpidos 2. Prote\u00ednas 3. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,101,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-estetica","category-tratamientos","category-bienestar"],"yoast_head":"\nExosomas y c\u00e9lulas estaminales: qu\u00e9 son, a qu\u00e9 sirven, c\u00f3mo elegirlos y usarlos en medicina est\u00e9tica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La diferencia entre exosomas y c\u00e9lulas madre o estaminales es muy significativa, tanto en estructura como en funci\u00f3n y aplicaci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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